Modelo de expatriación con políticas y prácticas de gestión de personas
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La expatriación es un proceso actual en las empresas para expandir sus negocios internacionales. Está fuertemente relacionada con el desempeño de los negocios en el extranjero, ya que la implementación de las estrategias ocurriría más lentamente sin la presencia del expatriado en la filial. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo de expatriación como un proceso de tres fases que incluye políticas y prácticas de gestión de personas, con el fin de mostrar su contribución a la internacionalización empresarial. Para la investigación, descriptiva y cualitativa, se realizaron 30 entrevistas semiestructuradas con gerentes y expatriados en empresas brasileñas y portuguesas. Los datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido apoyada en el software MAXQDA. Los resultados muestran que, en las organizaciones analizadas, no existe una planificación formal para la expatriación. Hay, por tanto, una mayor diversidad de prácticas informales que surgen para llenar los vacíos en la expatriación. El modelo muestra la diversidad de prácticas que pueden apoyar el proceso, con el objetivo de hacerlo menos doloroso para los involucrados, así como ampliar la comprensión de la expatriación como objeto de investigación. Con todo, corresponde a cada empresa ajustar sus perspectivas a sus contextos operativos, sin ánimo de agotar el modelo.
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