O efeito do ativismo social em organizações: uma visão integrativa da literatura
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Da falta de atenção em questões sociais por empresas até demandas climáticas globais, indivíduos e grupos organizados podem utilizar-se do ativismo social para reivindicar mudanças corporativas. Com base no reconhecimento de que o ativismo social influencia as organizações, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar seu efeito em organizações. Por meio de uma revisão do tipo integrativa para análise do uso teórico, de constructos, achados e lacunas, foram identificados 152 artigos nas bases de dados Scopus e no Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Os resultados apontam para a análise do ativismo social sob diferentes lentes teóricas. Como fenômeno de estudo, ele se materializa em ações isoladas ou em movimentos coordenados na promoção e no apoio a uma causa específica, trazendo efeitos diversos para as organizações. A igualdade de gênero, a diversidade nas empresas, o impacto ao meio ambiente, as questões sociais e de governança são exemplos de causas ativistas, e os estudos apontam para o uso de táticas diversas na promoção do ativismo social. Na esfera teórica, não se verificou a aplicação de uma perspectiva teórica única, e grande parte dos estudos não mencionou uma perspectiva teórica específica. As teorias mais recorrentes identificadas nos artigos foram a teoria da agência, a institucional, a de stakeholders, a do ativismo digital, a da dependência de recursos (RDT), a do movimento social e a da mobilização de recursos. A conexão teórica, portanto, pode trazer novas contribuições para o estudo do fenômeno.
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