Agências reguladoras e tribunais: inter-relações entre Administração e Justiça
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As inter-relações entre agências reguladoras e tribunais judiciais constituem tema de alto impacto nas relações sociais em geral, porém, ainda carecem de pesquisas empíricas e maior sistematização do conhecimento, sob uma perspectiva multidisciplinar. Nessa linha, este ensaio tem por objetivo realizar uma discussão articulada das principais tensões entre o Poder Executivo e o Poder Judiciário em decisões inerentes à atividade regulatória, apoiada nas principais lentes teóricas e no estado da arte aplicáveis ao fenômeno. O relacionamento entre agências e tribunais é marcado por dicotomias e a abordagem institucional do espaço regulatório e as reflexões trazidas pela Análise Econômica do Direito, dentre outras lentes de análise, revelam-se bastante úteis para a interpretação das tensões institucionais existentes em tal relacionamento. A literatura sobre revisão judicial de decisões de agências reguladoras aponta pesquisas sobre fatores que explicam a deferência judicial ou motivam um papel mais proeminente dos tribunais, passando também por temas relativos a: a) envolvimento de tribunais com questões técnicas e científicas; b) eficiência e desempenho; c) comportamentos calculados; d) custos de transação; e e) análises de custo-benefício. Propõe-se uma agenda de pesquisa que explore percepções de atores-chave desse ambiente acerca de litígios regulatórios, bem como estudos sobre fatores e condicionantes que explicam a deferência judicial em diferentes contextos.
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