¿Mi cuerpo, tus reglas? Reflexiones sobre grupos de referencia y sacrificio percibido por el consumidor fitness
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Resumen
En este artículo pretendemos comprender la implicación de los grupos de referencia en el sacrificio percibido por el consumidor fitness. Para ello, buscamos analizar las tipologías grupales involucradas en este proceso sacrificial, sus modos de influencia, el impacto ejercido, la identidad social ofrecida, así como los roles de los grupos sociales en la (re)construcción y mantenimiento de la percepción de sacrificio del consumidor fitness. El estudio se basa en dos teorías de la Psicología Social, a saber: la teoría del impacto social y la teoría de la identidad social. La construcción de datos se llevó a cabo a través de entrevistas episódicas personales y el contenido se analizó mediante análisis temático. Identificamos que los grupos de referencia influyen normativa e informativamente en las dolorosas y agradables esferas de sacrificio que realiza el consumidor, ejerciendo roles sociales que contribuyen a que la acción sacrificial ocurra, permanezca o no sea practicada, alentándola (alentador) o inhibiéndola (inhibidor), educando (educador) o confrontando (confrontador) al sujeto fitness, ayudando en la formación de la identidad social. Reconocemos que los individuos pueden desarrollar estrategias de movilidad y creatividad social en sus comunidades, demostrando que el impacto social es cambiante y que los grupos son permeables. Finalmente, observamos que los grupos pueden tipificarse más allá de las categorías de afiliación, aspiración y disociación, identificando, en esta investigación, una cuarta agrupación inédita denominada grupo de prescripción. Así, el artículo contribuye al desarrollo de investigaciones que parten de lo social hacia lo individual, con el objetivo de comprender al consumidor desde su contexto y sus relaciones.
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