Influência do suporte parental na intenção empreendedora de estudantes universitários: evidências empíricas no Brasil
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Resumo
Pais empreendedores são importantes agentes para transmitir intenções empreendedoras aos filhos. Estudos recentes têm destacado que a influência parental sobre a carreira empreendedora dos filhos pode aumentar quando os pares forem do mesmo gênero (homofilia de gênero), ou seja, os efeitos tornam-se maiores nas díades pai-filho ou mãe-filha. No entanto, apenas a exposição a pais empreendedores é insuficiente para explicar as intenções empreendedoras dos filhos, visto que dimensões como a natureza da comunicação/interação e até mesmo os incentivos financeiros podem impactar esse relacionamento. Todavia, esses canais de transmissão têm recebido pouca atenção na literatura. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é examinar se ter pais empreendedores afeta a propensão a empreender dos filhos, analisando quais os principais fatores/canais de transmissão, bem como se a homofilia de gênero exerce papel moderador de tal efeito. A amostra foi composta por 20.623 estudantes universitários que participaram do Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey (GUESSS) Brasil 2018. Os dados foram analisados por meio de Modelos de Regressão Linear Múltipla e Regressão Probit. Os resultados sugerem que possuir pai empreendedor ou pais (pai e mãe) empreendedores está associado a um aumento na probabilidade de o indivíduo empreender e tal efeito é maior no caso do gênero masculino na díade pai-filho. Ademais, no tocante aos canais de transmissão, constatou-se que a influência parental na carreira empreendedora é exercida, sobretudo, pelos modelos de profissionais que os pais representam (modelagem relacionada com a carreira), comentários/elogios dos pais (encorajamento verbal), bem como pelo incentivo financeiro/material (assistência instrumental).
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