Gestión del ecosistema empresarial: una visión basada en la capacidad
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La visión basada en capacidades es fundamental para comprender cómo se pueden gestionar los ecosistemas. Sin embargo, a pesar de la relevancia de este tema, aún existe un vacío en la literatura acerca de cuáles son las capacidades para gestionar los ecosistemas. El propósito de este artículo es identificar y mapear las capacidades aplicadas a la gestión de ecosistemas empresariales. La metodología consistió en una revisión sistemática de la literatura considerando dos bases de datos: Web of Science y Scopus. En total se analizaron 789 obras, de las cuales 89 hicieron el puente entre capacidades y ecosistemas. El análisis de contenido se realizó a través de la codificación, lo que resultó en una agrupación de 11 capacidades ‒ una dinámica y diez operativas‒. Los resultados obtenidos incluyen la identificación, mapeo y estructuración de capacidades dinámicas y operativas para la gestión del ecosistema y su dispersión entre los actores del ecosistema: empresa focal, proveedores y complementadores. Hemos desarrollado un marco de capacidades de gestión de ecosistemas, que presenta las capacidades dinámicas como el vínculo central e impulsor del conjunto de capacidades de los ecosistemas, que incluyen las capacidades para la alineación de los ecosistemas, las capacidades para sostener el ecosistema, las capacidades para el crecimiento del ecosistema y las capacidades para el sostenimiento de las empresas en el ecosistema. Contribuimos a la literatura y la práctica de gestión al presentar una estructuración de capacidades para la gestión de ecosistemas, agrupadas en un marco que muestra las implicaciones de la presencia de diferentes capacidades en el ecosistema. También contribuimos presentando sugerencias para futuras investigaciones para cada grupo de capacidades.
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