Abordagens e soluções para adaptação climática nas empresas
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Objetivo: apresentar medidas de adaptação climática implementadas pelo setor empresarial brasileiro sob a ótica
da gestão de riscos e oportunidades.
Estado da arte: a mitigação, sozinha, é insuficiente para endereçar os impactos físicos e mudanças sistêmicas ocasionados pela mudança climática; é fundamental que o setor empresarial se adapte , desenvolvendo estratégias de prevenção e resposta a impactos da mudança do clima.
Escopo: foi realizado estudo de caso múltiplo com três empresas que já avançaram em medidas de adaptação climática no Brasil.
Originalidade: o artigo analisa desafios, processos, abordagens e soluções de adaptação climática nas empresas brasileiras e mostra a importância de um olhar sistêmico e uma gestão flexível e colaborativa.
Impactos: o artigo traz processos e medidas que podem servir de insights para gestores de empresas e seus stakeholders.
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ERM, ou enterprise risk management, envolve aplicar uma abordagem integrada à gestão de riscos, com integração horizontal (considerando todos os tipos de riscos) e vertical (desde o nível de projetos até o nível organizacional). Essa abordagem sistêmica integrada contribui para melhorar a efetividade de programas e a tomada de decisão, aprimorar a mitigação de riscos, potencializar soluções inovadoras, e favorecer a alocação de recursos. Existem várias ferramentas e metodologias para o estabelecimento de um sistema de gestão de riscos desse tipo que deve ser desenvolvido de acordo com a complexidade do empreendimento ou corporação. O comitê de organizações patrocinadoras (COSO) da Comissão Treadway proporciona estudos, arcabouços, ferramentas para melhorar o desempenho e oversight organizacional liderando debates sobre controles internos, gestão de riscos e combate a fraudes e desenvolveu (em 2004) uma proposta de arcabouço ERM, atualizado em 2017, que é bastante difundido.
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Task Force for Climate-Related Financial Disclosure (TCFD), força-tarefa que ficou responsável pela formulação de um arcabouço (lançado em 2017) para orientar empresas sobre o reporte de riscos climáticos e suas implicações financeiras, baseou seu método no uso de cenários para modelagem dos riscos. O TCFD se encerrou em 2023 com a incorporação de seus achados e recomendações ao padrão ISSB do IFRS que agora assume a responsabilidade de monitoramento sobre estes temas.
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Medidas soft envolvem mudanças no comportamento humano, políticas e engajamento comunitário. enquanto as medidas hard (ou duras) normalmente envolvem mudanças físicas na infraestrutura e tecnologias. Ao contrário das medidas duras que, uma vez implementadas, são mais permanentes e exigem cronogramas mais longos de planejamento e construção, as soft são implementadas com relativa rapidez sendo mais flexíveis e adaptáveis ao longo do tempo.
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A pegada hídrica é um indicador multidimensional do volume de água doce consumida, direta e indiretamente, nos processos de produção de bens e serviços.
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