Gestão de ecossistemas de negócios: uma visão baseada em capacidades
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A visão baseada em capacidades é central ao entendimento de como ecossistemas podem ser gerenciados. No entanto, apesar da relevância deste tema, ainda existe uma lacuna na literatura sobre as capacidades necessárias à gestão de ecossistemas. O objetivo desse artigo é identificar e mapear as capacidades aplicadas à gestão de ecossistemas de negócios. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão sistemática da literatura considerando duas bases de dados: Web of Science e Scopus. No total, foram analisados 789 trabalhos; destes 89 fizeram a ponte entre capacidades e ecossistemas. A análise de conteúdo foi realizada por meio de codificação, resultando em um agrupamento de 11 capacidades – uma foi dinâmica e as outras dez foram operacionais. Os resultados obtidos incluem identificação, mapeamento e estruturação das capacidades dinâmicas e operacionais para a gestão do ecossistema, bem como para sua dispersão entre seus atores: firma focal, fornecedores e complementadores. Desenvolvemos um framework de gestão das capacidades do ecossistema, o qual apresenta a capacidade dinâmica como elo central e impulsionador do conjunto das capacidades do ecossistema, que incluem as capacidades para: o seu alinhamento, a sua sustentação, o seu crescimento e sustentação das empresas nele. Contribuímos com a literatura e prática gerencial ao apresentar uma estruturação de capacidades para gestão do ecossistema, agrupadas em um framework que mostra as implicações da presença das diferentes capacidades no ecossistema. Também contribuímos ao apresentar sugestões de pesquisas futuras para cada agrupamento de capacidades.
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