Environmental design for coastal protection from a stakeholder perspective: A review from 2000 to 2023
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, coastal conservation has transitioned from traditional engineering methods to more comprehensive, nature-based solutions, marking a pivotal era in coastal protection from 2000 to 2023. This literature review delves into the evolution of coastal protection technologies by analyzing 99 articles selected from extensive database searches covering the period up to December 2023. It highlights the significant technologies linked to stakeholder involvement, forthcoming challenges, and emerging trends in coastal defense. The insights gained underscore the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to enhance coastal protection practices, fostering a sustainable coastal economy. Ultimately, effective coastal defense is crucial for the immediate safety of coastal communities and the enduring health of coastal ecosystems and economies.
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