O conteúdo informacional de prejuízos versus lucros e o efeito denominador do risco
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Este estudo investiga o conteúdo informacional dos prejuízos e o efeito denominador do risco na informatividade dos lucros. O conteúdo informacional dos prejuízos tende a ser menor do que o dos lucros, visto que o valor de mercado dessas empresas pode ser mais bem explicado pelo valor de liquidação do que pelas boas e más notícias contidas no lucro. Da mesma forma, os lucros de empresas de alto risco tendem a ser menos informativos, pois o risco influencia a taxa de desconto dos modelos de valuation. Por meio de uma amostra de 436 empresas brasileiras de capital aberto (4.086 observações anuais), verifica-se que o coeficiente de resposta aos lucros (ERC) dos prejuízos reportados é menor do que o dos lucros apenas para empresas de baixo e médio risco. Para empresas de alto risco, não há essa diferença. Também são testadas duas explicações alternativas para a baixa informatividade dos prejuízos (conservadorismo contábil e ativos ocultos), que não são corroboradas pelos principais achados. Esses resultados contribuem para a literatura de contabilidade e finanças, fornecendo evidências de que empresas de alto risco são avaliadas de modo semelhante a empresas com prejuízo em termos de informatividade dos lucros, o que ainda não havia sido demonstrado anteriormente.
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