Indústria, universidade e inovação: Entendendo a relação entre os canais de colaboração e a capacidade de inovação das empresas no Brasil
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O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a influência de diferentes canais de colaboração universidade-empresa (U-E) por meio dos quais as empresas aprimoram suas capacidades de inovação. Uma pesquisa foi conduzida com 176 empresas brasileiras de manufatura. Os resultados indicam que, embora os canais de colaboração U-E sejam importantes para a construção de capacidades de inovação das empresas, nem todos são igualmente eficazes. Os canais de colaboração baseados na transferência de conhecimento são os mais benéficos para as empresas em termos de seu impacto nas capacidades de inovação, particularmente nas dimensões de gestão, transação e desenvolvimento, em comparação com aqueles baseados em redes de inovação. Isso significa que a transferência de conhecimento por meio de tecnologias licenciadas, treinamento, recrutamento de RH e publicações e relatórios permite que as empresas melhorem seus processos internos e, por sua vez, sua capacidade de inovação. Por fim, é importante destacar que este estudo esclarece as dinâmicas específicas da interação entre dois atores sociais fundamentais — universidades e empresas industriais — na geração e aplicação de conhecimento científico e tecnológico. Ao fazer isso, contribui para o debate mais amplo sobre o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 9 – Indústria, Inovação e Infraestrutura, particularmente no contexto de uma economia emergente.
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