A governança nacional é importante para o crescimento econômico dos países?
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Resumo
Ha uma ênfase crescente no papel das instituições na explicação do crescimento econômico das nações. Conforme a Teoria Institucional, sustenta-se que instituições de excelência estabelecem diretrizes de governança, exercendo uma influência direta sobre o crescimento econômico. Este estudo examina o impacto da governança nacional sobre o crescimento econômico dos países do Mercosul, do Acordo de Livre Comercio da América do Norte (NAFTA, na sigla em inglês) e da União Europeia. A pesquisa reúne uma amostra de 39 países e analisa o período de 2007 a 2021. De forma pontual, os resultados indicam que, entre os indicadores de governança, o Estado de direito e o fator mais significativo para explicar o crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita. Além disso, constatou-se que a União Europeia está associada ao nível alto de governança e ao PIB per capita alto e médio e que o Mercosul está associado a nível médio de governança e PIB per capita baixo. Em geral, os resultados confirmam que a governança nacional e importante para o crescimento econômico, porém, vale ressaltar que por si só a qualidade da governança pode não ser suficiente. Aliadas a governança, o estudo revela que a formação de capital fixo, a inflação e a abertura comercial tem efeitos significativos no crescimento econômico dos países analisados.
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