Is a business owner a better mayor?
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study analyzes the demographic characteristics of elected mayors in Brazil, emphasizing those who are business owners. The research observes whether mayors with a background as business owners obtain better performance in office, which is evaluated through the municipality’s fiscal situation and the IDEB (basic education development index) score. The research was conducted in two parts. The first part used logistic regression and sought to identify the profile of elected mayors. The second part analyzed whether mayors who were business owners obtained a superior performance using the multilevel regression model. The study observed that the majority of mayors had a background as business owners, but this characteristic was not significant to explain electoral success. The results of the second part did not find a correlation between mayors who are business owners and their performance. The only demographic characteristic relevant to explain differences in municipalities’ fiscal results was the mayor’s age. Therefore, mayors who were business owners did not present results different from those who have other backgrounds, which allows us to assume that this group does not have better skills and judgments. One of the limitations of this study is that the characteristic of being a business owner was obtained by self-declaration.
Downloads
Article Details
The Brazilian Journal of Public Administration (RAP) undertakes to contribute to the protection of authors’ intellectual rights. On this matter:
- It uses the Creative Commons BY (CC-BY) license for all texts it publishes, except when there is indication of specific holders of copyrights and property rights;
- It uses the similarity verification software of content - Plagiarism (Crossref Similarity Check);
- It takes actions to fight against plagiarism and ethical misconduct aligned with the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Further information on the Code of Ethics adopted by RAP can be found in Ethical Standards and Code of Conduct.
References
Alesina, A. (1988). Credibility and policy convergence in a two-party system with rational voters. The American Economic Review, 78(4), 796-805.
Barzel, Y. (1982). Measurement cost and the organization of markets. The Journal of Law and Economics, 25(1), 27-48. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/467005
Barzel, Y. (1997). Economic analysis of property rights. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Borgida, E., Federico, C. M., & Sullivan, J. L. (2009). The political psychology of democratic citizenship. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Carnes, N., & Lupu, N. (2015). Rethinking the comparative perspective on class and representation: Evidence from Latin America. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 1-18. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12112
Carnes, N., & Lupu, N. (2016). Do voters dislike working-class candidates? Voter biases and the descriptive underrepresentation of the working class. American Political Science Review, 110(4), 832-844. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000551
Codato, A., Cervi, E., & Perissinotto, R. (2013). Quem se elege prefeito no Brasil? Condicionantes do sucesso eleitoral em 2012. Cadernos Adenauer, 14(2), 61-84.
Costa, L. D., & Codato, A. (2012). Competição e profissionalização política: as eleições para deputado federal no Brasil em 2010. In Anais do 8º Encontro da Associação Brasileira de Ciência Política, Porto Alegre, RS.
Downs, A. (1957). An economic theory of democracy. New York, NY: Harper.
Dufloth, S. C., Horta, C. J. G., Silva, M. M., Costa, M. L. M., & Rocha, M. S. (2019). Atributos e chances de sucesso eleitoral de prefeitos no Brasil. Revista de Administração Pública, 53(1), 214-234. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220170241
Elinor, O. (1990). The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Fávero, L. P., & Belfiore, P. (2017). Manual de análise de dados: estatística e modelagem multivariada com Excel®, SPSS® e Stata®. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Elsevier Brasil.
Felisbino, R. A., Bernabel, R. T., & Kerbauy, M. T. M. (2012). Somente um deve vencer: as bases de recrutamento dos candidatos à Prefeitura das capitais brasileiras em 2008. Revista de Sociologia e Política, 20(41), 219-234. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-44782012000100013
Foss, K., Foss, N. J., Klein, P. G., & Klein, S. K. (2007). The entrepreneurial organization of heterogeneous capital. Journal of Management studies, 44(7), 1165-1186. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00724.x
Foss, N. J., & Klein, P. G. (2005). Entrepreneurship and the economic theory of the firm: any gains from trade? In Z. J. Acs & D. B. Audretsch (Eds.), Handbook of entrepreneurship research (pp. 55-80). Boston, MA: Springer.
Foss, N. J., & Klein, P. G. (2012). Organizing entrepreneurial judgment: A new approach to the firm. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Foss, N. J., & Klein, P. G. (2018). Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Who Needs Them? Academy of Management Perspectives, 34(3), 1-27. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2017.0181
Foss, N. J., Klein, P. G., & Bjørnskov, C. (2018). The context of entrepreneurial judgment: organizations, markets, and institutions. Journal of Management Studies, 56(6), 1197-1213. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12428
Gigerenzer, G. (2008). Why heuristics work. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(1), 20-29. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00058.x
Gomes, L. A. V., Saes, M. S. M., Nunes, R., & Vilpoux, O. F. (2022, maio). Heuristics and farm heterogeneity: Evidence from small-scale farmers in Brazil. Journal of Rural Studies, 92, 328-341. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.04.010
Gouvêa, R., & Girardi, D. (2021, maio). Partisanship and local fiscal policy: Evidence from Brazilian cities. Journal of Development Economics, 150, 102637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102637
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Nova York, NY: Macmillan.
Kahneman, D., Slovic, S. P., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Kang, M. S. (2003). Democratizing Direct Democracy: Restoring Voter Competence Through Heuristic Cues and Disclosure Plus. UCLA Law Review, 50, 1141-1188.
Klein, P. G. (2008). Opportunity discovery, entrepreneurial action, and economic organization. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(3), 175-190. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.50
Klein, P. G., Mahoney, J. T., McGahan, A. M., & Pitelis, C. N. (2010). Toward a theory of public entrepreneurship. European management review, 7(1), 1-15. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1057/emr.2010.1
Knight, F. H. (1921). Cost of production and price over long and short periods. Journal of Political Economy, 29(4), 304-335. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1086/253349
Lago, I. (2008). Rational expectations or heuristics? Strategic voting in proportional representation systems. Party Politics, 14(1), 31-49. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068807083822
Lau, R. R., & Redlawsk, D. P. (2001). Advantages and disadvantages of cognitive heuristics in political decision making. American Journal of Political Science, 45(4), 951-971. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.2307/2669334
Maas, C. J., & Hox, J. J. (2004). Robustness issues in multilevel regression analysis. Statistica Neerlandica, 58(2), 127-137. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0039-0402.2003.00252.x
Marsh, M. (2007). Candidates or Parties? Objects of Electoral Choice in Ireland. Party Politics, 13(4), 500-527. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068807075944
Mondak, J. J., & Huckfeldt, R. (2006). The accessibility and utility of candidate character in electoral decision making. Electoral Studies, 25(1), 20-34. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2005.02.006
Mousavi, S., & Gigerenzer, G. (2017). Heuristics are tools for uncertainty. Homo Oeconomicus, 34(4), 361-379. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/s41412-017-0058-z
Musacchio, A., Lazzarini, S. G., & Aguilera, R. V. (2015). New varieties of state capitalism: Strategic and governance implications. Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(1), 115-131. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2013.0094
Ottati, V. C. (1990). Determinants of political judgments: The joint influence of normative and heuristic rules of inference. Political Behavior, 12(2), 159-179. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992467
Potrafke, N. (2011). Does government ideology influence budget composition? Empirical evidence from OECD countries. Economics of Governance, 12(2), 101-134. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-010-0092-9
Przeworski, A., Stokes, S. C., & Manin, B. (1999). Democracy, accountability, and representation (Vol. 2). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Riggle, E. D., Ottati, V. C., Wyer, R. S., Kuklinski, J., & Schwarz, N. (1992). Bases of political judgments: The role of stereotypic and nonstereotypic information. Political Behavior, 14(1), 67-87. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993509
Shah, S. Z. A., Ahmad, M., & Mahmood, F. (2018). Heuristic biases in investment decision-making and perceived market efficiency: A survey at the Pakistan stock exchange. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 10(1), 85-110. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0033
Simon, H. A. (1947). Administrative Behavior. New York, NY: Macmillan.
Simon, H. A. (1959). Theories of decision-making in economics and behavioral science. The American economic review, 49(3), 253-283.
Zerbinati, S., & Souitaris, V. (2005). Entrepreneurship in the public sector: a framework of analysis in European local governments. Entrepreneurship & regional development, 17(1), 43-64. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1080/0898562042000310723