COVID-19 en África: un análisis comparativo de las políticas de primera respuesta
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Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 causó una gran conmoción en todo el mundo. Entre los países africanos, se pueden observar similitudes y diferencias tanto en relación con la naturaleza del brote como en las respuestas políticas implementadas. Este artículo analiza esas respuestas y reflexiona sobre su eficacia como estrategia de contención de una pandemia. Especulamos sobre las razones por las que estas estrategias parecen funcionar (o no) y cuáles son las lecciones aprendidas, además de examinar la creación de “equipos de crisis” y si estos equipos muestran confianza en el sistema de administración pública existente. El análisis nos permite argumentar que, aunque la manifestación de casos y pruebas realizadas en Sudáfrica ha divergido significativamente de la observada en el resto del continente, existe una similitud en general en relación con el manejo de la pandemia en África. Identificamos algunos elementos que reflejan esta similitud en la gestión, incluida la adopción de medidas rápidas y tempranas, la experiencia reciente en el manejo de epidemias/crisis de salud y la existencia de alguna forma de resiliencia comunitaria, adquirida durante años de experiencia en lidiar con un estado de falta de gobernanza. Además, notamos la escasez de estudios sobre gestión de crisis en el contexto de la administración pública y sugerimos trabajos futuros en el área. Finalmente, percibimos que el uso de “equipos de crisis” específicamente constituidos y capacitados para hacer frente a la emergencia es una práctica común. Sin embargo, no existe un análisis suficientemente riguroso para demostrar que esta estrategia es efectiva y tiene un impacto en las instituciones burocráticas existentes.
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