O P ainda tem valor?
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Várias áreas da Ciência - e, em particular, a da Administração - utilizam o paradigma pós-positivista e as técnicas estatísticas do Teste de Hipótese para suas conclusões obtidas a partir de observação ou experimentação. Em que pese o uso generalizado dessas técnicas, percebem-se problemas na interpretação dos achados baseados, forte ou exclusivamente, no valor-p, salientando-se: a) pouco entendimento do verdadeiro significado do valor-p obtido; b) conclusão a partir do valor-p sem examinar o tamanho do efeito; c) p-hacking e HARKing; d) seleção adversa para publicação (ou efeito “gaveta”). Pelo menos um periódico, talvez precipitadamente, simplesmente baniu o uso de valor-p de seus artigos. Discutem-se os cuidados necessários para o uso de valor-p, muitos dos quais não têm sido exigidos ou incentivados na publicação acadêmica.
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