As aquisições impactam o desenvolvimento tecnológico das empresas? Um estudo sobre bases de conhecimento na indústria farmacêutica
Barra lateral de artigos
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
A aquisição permite que grandes empresas farmacêuticas incrementem sua base de conhecimento ao incorporar partes das bases de conhecimento das pequenas empresas adquiridas. Com fundamento nesse processo, propomos a seguinte questão como objetivo: é possível relacionar o conhecimento adquirido, via aquisições, ao desenvolvimento tecnológico? A fim de responder a essa questão, foi desenvolvida uma abordagem capaz de evidenciar o impacto da base de conhecimento da empresa adquirida na grande empresa que a adquiriu. Esse objetivo foi atingido qualitativamente com a partir de uma amostra de oito grandes empresas e 51 pequenas empresas adquiridas. As principais conclusões foram: (i) a disseminação de biotecnologias foi impulsionada pelas aquisições; (ii) as aquisições permitiram que a base de conhecimento das grandes empresas se assimilasse à das pequenas empresas; (iii) as patentes das empresas adquiridas oferecem grande potencial para desenvolver tecnologias em áreas já dominadas pelas grandes empresas e (iv) a incorporação dos cientistas das pequenas empresas permite que as grandes empresas internalizem linhas de pesquisa. A maior contribuição deste artigo é relacionar bases de conhecimento a possíveis direções tomadas, como resultado de aquisições, no processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico.
Downloads
Métricas
Detalhes do artigo
A RAE compromete-se a contribuir com a proteção dos direitos intelectuais do autor. Nesse sentido:
- adota a licença Creative Commoms BY (CC-BY) em todos os textos que publica, exceto quando houver indicação de específicos detentores dos direitos autorais e patrimoniais;
- adota software de detecção de similaridades;
- adota ações de combate ao plagio e má conduta ética, alinhada às diretrizes do Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)
Referências
Ahuja, G., & Katila, R. (2001). Technological acquisition and the innovation performance of acquiring firms: A longitudinal study. Strategic Management Journal, 22(3), 197-220. doi: 10.1002/smj.157
Ahuja, G., & Lampert, C. M. (2001). Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: A longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6-7), 521-543. doi: 10.1002/smj.176
Andersson, M., & Xiao, J. (2016). Acquisitions of start-ups by incumbent businesses: A market selection process of “high-quality” entrants? Research Policy, 45(1), 272-290. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2015.10.002
Asheim, B. & Gertler, M. S. (2005), ‘The Geography of Innovation; Regional innnovation systems’, in Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. and Nelson, R.R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Norfolk, Oxford University Press.
Asheim, B., Coenen, L., & Vang, J. (2007). Constructing knowledge-based regional advantage: Implications for regional innovation policy. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovtion Management, 7(5), 140-155. doi: 10.1504/IJEIM.2007.012879
Asheim, B., & Hansen, H. (2009). On the usefulness of the creative class. Economic Geography, 85(9) p424-442. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01051.x
Boschma, R. (2005). Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment. Regional Studies, 39(1), 61-74. doi: 10.1080/0034340052000320887
Bryan, K., Ozcan, Y., & Sampat, B. (2020). In-text patent citations: A user's guide. Research Policy, 49(4), 103946. doi: /10.1016/j.respol.2020.103946
Chakrabarti, A., Hauschildt, J., & Sürverkrüp, C. (1994). Does it pay to acquire technological firms? R&D Management, 1(24), 47-56. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1994.tb00846.x
Chen, I. J., Hsu, P. H., Officer, M. S., & Wang, Y. (2020). The Oscar goes to…: High-tech firms’ acquisitions in response to rivals’ technology breakthroughs. Research Policy, 49(7), 104078. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2020.104078
Cloodt, M., Hagedoorn, J., & Kranenburg, H. Van. (2006). Mergers and acquisitions: Their effect on the innovative performance of companies in high-tech industries. Research Policy, 35(5), 642-654. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2006.02.007
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989). Innovation and learning: The two faces of R&D, The Economic Journal 99(397), 569-596. doi: 10.2307/2233763
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on and innovation learning. Administrative Science Quarterly – Special Issue: Technology, 35(1), 128-152. doi: 10.2307/2393553
Colombo, M. G., & Grilli, L. (2005). Founders’ human capital and the growth of new technology-based firms: A competence-based view. Research Policy, 34(6), 795-816. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2005.03.010
Colombo, M. G., & Piva, E. (2012). Firms’ genetic characteristics and competence-enlarging strategies: A comparison between academic and non-academic high-tech start-ups. Research Policy, 41(1), 79-92. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2011.08.010
Desyllas, P., & Hughes, A. (2007). Sourcing technological knowledge through corporate acquisition: Evidence from an international sample of high technology firms. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 18(2), 157-172. doi: 10.1016/j.hitech.2007.12.003
Desyllas, P., & Hughes, A. (2010). Do high technology acquirers become more innovative? Research Policy, 39(8), 1105-1121. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2010.05.005
Giovanni Dosi. (1988). Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation. Journal of Economic Literature, 26(3), 1120–1171. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2726526
Ejdemo, T., & Örtqvist, D. (2020). Related variety as a driver of regional innovation and entrepreneurship: A moderated and mediated model with non-linear effects. Research Policy, 49(7), 104073. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2020.104073
Eliasson, K., Hansson, P., & Lindvert, M. (2017). Effects of foreign acquisitions on R&D and high-skill activities. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 163-187. doi: 10.1007/s11187-016-9815-9
Fernandes, C., Farinha, L., Ferreira, J., Asheim, B., & Rutten, R. (2020). Regional innovation systems: What can we learn from 25 years of scientific achievements? Regional Studies, 55(1), 1-13. doi:10.1080/00343404.2020.1782878
Gerpott, T. J. (1995). Successful integration of R&D functions after acquisitions: An exploratory empirical study. R&D Management, 25(2), 161-178. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00909.x
Grigoriou, K., & Rothaermel, F. T. (2014). Structural microfoundations of innovation: The role of relational stars. Journal of Management, 40(2), 586-615. doi: 10.1177/0149206313513612
Grillitsch, M., Schubert, T., & Srholec, M. (2019). Knowledge base combinations and firm growth. Research Policy, 48(1), 234-247. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2018.08.009
Hagedoorn, J., & Duysters, G. (2002). External sources of innovative capabilities: The preference for strategic alliances or mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Management Studies, 39(2), 167-188. doi: 10.1111/1467-6486.00287
Hall, B. H. (2004). Exploring the patent explosion. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 30(1-2), 35-48. doi:10.1007/s10961-004-4356-9
Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A. B., & Trajtenberg, M. (2001). The NBER patent citations data file: Lessons, insights and methodological tools. National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER, No Title Working Paper n. 8498.
Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A., & Trajtenberg, M. (2005). Market value and patent citations. RAND Journal of economics, 16-38. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1593752
Henderson, R., Jaffe, A. B., & Trajtenberg, M. (1998). Universities as a source of commercial technology: A detailed analysis of university patenting, 1965–1988. Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(1), 119-127. doi: 10.1162/003465398557221
Hohberger, J. (2016). Does it pay to stand on the shoulders of giants? An analysis of the inventions of star inventors in the biotechnology sector. Research Policy, 45(3), 682-698. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2015.12.003
Houston, J., G.; Banks, M. (1997). The Chemical-biological interface: developments in automated and miniaturized screening technology. In: Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 8, pp 734-740.
Hussinger, K. (2010). On the importance of technological relatedness: SMEs versus large acquisition targets. Technovation, 30(1), 57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2009.07.006
Lange, S., & Wagner, M. (2019). The influence of exploratory versus exploitative acquisitions on innovation output in the biotechnology industry. Small Business Economics, 52(2), 1-229. doi: 10.1007/s11187-019-00194-1
Lerner, J. (1994) The importance of patent scope: an empirical analysis RAND. Journal of Economics, 25(2), 319. doi: 10.2307/2555833
Makri, M., Hitt, M. A., & Lane, P. (2010). Friends, acquaintances, or strangers? Partner selection in R&D alliances. Strategic Management Journal, (31), 602-628. doi: 10.5465/amj.2008.31767271
Malerba, F., & McKelvey, M. (2016). Conceptulizing knowledge intensive entrepreneurship: Definition and model. In F. Malerba, Y. Caloghirou, M. Mckelvey, & S. Radosevic (Eds.), Dynamics of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship: Business strategy and public policy. ´p. 19-48. New York: Routledge.
Malerba, F., & McKelvey, M. (2020). Knowledge-intensive innovative entrepreneurship integrating Schumpeter, evolutionary economics, and innovation systems. Small Business Economics, 54(2), 503-522. doi: 10.1007/s11187-018-0060-2
Malerba, F., & Orsenigo, L. (2015). The evolution of the pharmaceutical industry. Business History, 57(5), 664-687. doi:10.1007/s11187-018-0060-2
Matos, M. M. de (2016). Changes in Innovation Dynamics of the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Study of the Interaction between Large pharmaceutical Companies and the Acquired Small Biotechnology Enterprises. Tese (Doutorado) – Unicamp, Campinas, 2016.
Matos, M. M. de (2020). Incorporação de conhecimento por meio de aquisições na indústria farmacêutica: uma análise focada nos inventores das patentes. Revista Brasileira de Inovação, 19, p. e0200016. doi: 10.20396/rbi.v19i0.8658178
Mokyr, J. (2002). The gifts of Athena: Historical origins of the knowledge economy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Nelson, R., & Winter, S. (1982). An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Belknap Press of Havard University Press: Cambridge MA.
Nightingale, P. (1998). A cognitive model of innovation. Research Policy, 27(7), 689-709.
Nightingale, P. (2000). Economies of scale in experimentation: Knowledge and technology in pharmaceutical R&D. Industrial & Corporate Change, 9(2), 315. doi: 10.1093/icc/9.2.315
Nightingle, P., & MARTIN, P. (2004). The myth of the biotec revolution. In: Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 22, n. 11. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.09.010
Norbäck, P. J., Persson, L., & Tåg, J. (2014). Acquisitions, entry, and innovation in oligopolistic network industries. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 37, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2014.07.003
Novelli, E. (2015). An examination of the antecedents and implications of patent scope. Research Policy, 44(2), 493-507. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.09.005
Oettl, A. (2012). Reconceptualizing stars: Scientist helpfulness and peer performance. Management Science, 58(6), 1122-1140. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.1110.1470
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2013). OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013. OECD.
Pereira, D. A., & Williams, J. A. (2007). Origin and evolution of high throughput screening. British Journal of Pharmacology, 152(1), 53-61. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707373
Quéré, M. The post-genome era: rupture in the organization of the life science industry? In: Mckelvey, M., Rickne, A., Laage-Hellman, J. The Economic Dynamics of Modern Biotechnology, Edward Elgar, Northhampton, USA, 2004
Shapin, S. (2018). The scientific revolution. University of Chicago Press.
Sharp, M. (1996). Knowledge transfer and biotechnology. Knowledge, technology transfer and foresight, NATO Asi Series, pp. 3-24. Dordrecht: Springer.
Shkolnykova, M., & Kudic, M. (2021). Who benefits from SMEs’ radical innovations? Empirical evidence from German biotechnology. Small Business Economics, 1-29. doi: 10.1007/s11187-021-00464-x
Strumsky, D., & Lobo, J. (2015). Identifying the sources of technological novelty in the process of invention. Research Policy, 44(8), 1445-1461. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2015.05.008
Szücs, F. (2014). M&A and R&D: Asymmetric effects on acquirers and targets? Research Policy, 43(7), 1264-1273. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.03.007
Trajtenberg, M., Henderson, R., & Jaffe, A. (1997). University versus corporate patents: A window on the basicness of invention. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 5(1), 19-50. doi: 10.1080/10438599700000006
Verhoeven, D., Bakker, J., & Veugelers, R. (2016). Measuring technological novelty with patent-based indicators. Research Policy, 45(3), 707-723. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2015.11.010
Wagner, M. (2011). To explore or to exploit? An empirical investigation of acquisition by large incumbents. Research Policy, 40(9), 1217–1225. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2011.07.006
Xiao, J. (2015). The effects of acquisition on the growth of new technology-based firms: Do different types of acquirers matter ? Small Business Economics, (45), 487-504. doi: 10.1007/s11187-015-9656-y
Zucker, L. G., & Darby, M. R. (1997). Present at the biotechnological revolution: Transformation of technological identity for a large incumbent pharmaceutical firm. Research Policy, 26(4-5), 429-446. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00017-6
