COVID-19 na África: uma análise comparativa das primeiras políticas de resposta
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Resumo
A pandemia da COVID-19 causou grande turbulência em todo o mundo. Entre os países africanos pode-se perceber semelhanças e diferenças tanto em relação a natureza do surto como nas respostas políticas implementadas. Esse artigo discute essas respostas e reflete sobre sua eficácia como estratégia de contenção da pandemia. Especulamos as razões pelas quais essas estratégias parecem funcionar (ou não) e quais são as lições aprendidas, bem como examinamos a criação de ‘equipes de crise’ e se essas equipes demonstram confiança no sistema de administração pública existente. A análise nos permite argumentar que, embora a manifestação dos casos e os testes conduzidos na África do Sul tenham divergido significativamente do observado no resto do continente, há uma semelhança em geral em relação a gestão da pandemia em toda a África. Identificamos alguns elementos que refletem essa similaridade na gestão, entre eles a adoção de medidas rápidas e precoces, a experiência recente no gerenciamento de epidemias/crises de saúde e a existência de alguma forma de resiliência da comunidade, adquirida ao longo de anos de experiência em lidar com um estado de falta de governança. Ainda, observamos a escassez de estudos sobre gestão de crises no contexto da administração pública e sugerimos futuros trabalhos na área. Finalmente, percebemos que o uso de ‘equipes de crise’ constituídas especificamente e com poderes para lidar com a situação de emergência é uma prática comum. Entretanto, não há uma análise rigorosa suficiente para mostrar que essa estratégia é eficaz e tem impacto nas instituições burocráticas existentes.
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