Plan de acción de IA de Estados Unidos y gobernanza global: convergencias, divergencias e implicaciones teóricas
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Resumen
Este estudio evalúa críticamente el America’s AI Action Plan (AAP) a la luz de las mejores prácticas de regulación y gobernanza de la inteligencia artificial identificadas en la literatura científica reciente. A partir de una revisión integradora de 100 artículos revisados por pares e indexados en Scopus, el análisis contrasta los tres pilares del AAP –innovación, infraestructura y diplomacia– con dimensiones clave de la gobernanza, en particular la rendición de cuentas, la sostenibilidad y el multilateralismo. Los hallazgos muestran convergencias selectivas, con mayor alineación en ámbitos como la ciberseguridad, la soberanía tecnológica y la estandarización, junto con divergencias estructurales en lo relativo a la protección de derechos, la responsabilidad por impactos socioambientales y el fortalecimiento de mecanismos de cooperación internacional. Con base en estos resultados, el artículo propone un marco teórico que conceptualiza la gobernanza de la IA como un régimen multidimensional y adaptativo que integra innovación, regulación, ética, sostenibilidad y coproducción epistémica. El estudio aporta valor práctico al orientar a responsables de políticas públicas y reguladores sobre cómo fortalecer diseños regulatorios adaptativos y basados en riesgo, y contribuye al debate académico al enmarcar la gobernanza de la IA como un sistema normativo global emergente. Las recomendaciones se delimitan intencionalmente a arreglos de políticas públicas y de gobernanza, con implicaciones para la coordinación global y el diseño de estrategias nacionales de IA, sin prescribir soluciones técnicas para modelos o sistemas específicos. Entre las limitaciones, se destacan el uso exclusivo de Scopus y el enfoque en una única estrategia nacional; las investigaciones futuras deberían ampliar los análisis comparativos entre regiones y examinar transformaciones longitudinales en los regímenes de gobernanza de la IA.
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Más detalles del Código de Ética adoptado por RAP pueden ser vistos en Normas éticas y Código de conducta.
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