A política e a administração afetam o desempenho da inovação? Uma análise comparativa
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Resumo
O objetivo principal do artigo é analisar os efeitos da política e da capacidade administrativa sobre o desempenho inovador dos países. A pesquisa examina comparativamente possíveis correlações entre democracia, competição política, desigualdade de renda, capacidade burocrática e corrupção/transparência com os resultados de inovação dos países. As variáveis dependentes são três indicadores de desempenho dos Índices de Inovação Global (GII). Após apresentar a teoria e a análise descritiva dos dados das variáveis da pesquisa, o trabalho emprega modelos de regressão multivariada para testar as hipóteses. A análise empírica reforçou que as dimensões política e administrativa são relevantes para entender as realizações dos sistemas nacionais de inovação. No entanto, democracia, qualidade da burocracia e corrupção/transparência não são fatores influentes nas performances inovadoras dos países como supõem os pressupostos normativos. Por outro lado, a competição política e a desigualdade impactam consideravelmente a forma como as economias estão inovando. Em conclusão, o artigo trouxe descobertas originais e interessantes que colocam em perspectiva a afirmação de que existe um caminho único ou regra geral para o crescimento da inovação. Consequentemente, as inferências fornecem subsídios para acadêmicos e atores envolvidos, públicos e privados, para melhorar os debates e decisões sobre as prioridades das ações governamentais em tempos de formulação de políticas baseadas em evidências.
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